رد: القواعد الانجليزية خطوة خطوة
رد مع اقتباسقاعدة If
The first conditional: الحالة الشرطية الأولي
تستخدم الحالة الأولي من الجملة الشرطية للتحذيرات والتهديدات والوعود....... الخ .
If + present simple - will + infinitive .?
Ex. If you smoke, you will damage your lungs .
Ex. If it doesn't rain, we'll go to the zoo .
Ex. If it rains. we won't go to the zoo.
Ex. Will you visit your uncle if you go to Alex
ملاحظات:
1- تستخدم (may) بدلاً من (will) إذا كانت النتيجة ممكنة ولكن غير مؤكدة كما أنه يمكن استخدام :
(must / should)
If you eat a lot of food, you may get indigestion. عسر الهضم غير مؤكد
If you want to be healthy, you should stop smoking.
2- تستخدم (can) بدلاً من (will) في الحالة الأولي للجملة الشرطية بدلاً من (will be able to) .
If my parents agree, We can go camping. = will be able to3-
تستخدم (going to) بدلاً من (will) في الحالة الأولي للجملة الشرطية إذا كان هناك تخطيط (planning) .
If the hotels are full, we are going to rent a flat.
4- يمكن استخدام جملة أمرية مثبتة أو منفية:
If he hits you , tell his father
If you see a lion , don't run away
الحالة الثانية لقاعدة ( The Second Conditional ) ( if )
Form
If + past simple - would + inf.
مصدر ماضي بسيط
Usage
It is used to talk about present or future situations that are unlikely or unreal.
يعبر عن المواقف في المضارع أو المستقبل غير المحتملة أو غير الحقيقية.
Ex.: If I had a lot of money, I would make a journey round the world.
في المثال السابق ليس لدي نقود كثيرة لذا فمن غير الحقيقي أن أقوم برحلة حول العالم.
يستخدم لتقديم النصائح:
Ex: If I were you , I would stop smoking.
(should / had better / ought to / advise / advice / advisable……….etc)
The Third Conditional if الحالة الثالثة لقاعدةForm
If + past perfect - would have + P.P.
التصريف الثالث للفعل ماضي تام
[/size][size="3"]يستخدم لنتحدث عن مواقف من المستحيل تغييرها لأنها حدثت في الماضي.
ويمكن أن يستخدم بدلاً من would ( might /could)
Ex.: If I had gone to the party, I would have met Adel.
في المثال الأول أني لم أذهب إلي الحفلة ولم أقابل عادل
If we had played better, we might have won. ربما كنا كسبنا المباراة
If the weather hadn't been so bad, we could have gone out. كنا استطعنا أن نخرج
ملاحظات هامة:
تستخدم الجمل الشرطية بأشكال أخرى منها:
1) Without (بدون) / But for لولا) ) / In case of ( في حالة ) ( ing / noun )
If I hadn't given him the loan, he would not have built the house
But for (without) the loan, he would not have built the house.
If we didn't have water ( If there weren't water) , we would die
Without having water, we would die.
If the weather is bad , we will not go out.
In case of bad weather, we will not go out.
Without = If it weren't for, would + inf.
Without = If it hadn't been for, would have + P.P.
Without your help, I would die.
If it weren't for your help, I would die.
Without your help, I would have died.
If it hadn't been for your help, I would have died.
2) Even if حتى ولو
He wouldn't tell you the secret even if he was punished.
3) If only ------ would (or would have + P.P.) = I wish
If only I was a bit taller, I would reach the shelf.
If only we hadn't had a puncture, we would have arrived in time.
4) Except if = unless إلا إذا
She cannot see except if she wears glasses.
1) On condition (that) بشرط
He will go to Europe on condition (that) he succeeds.
2) Whether….or not إذا / سواءً أم لا
Whether he agrees or not, I will go out.
7) Otherwise / or / else وإلا
Stop smoking otherwise I'll tell your father.
If you don't stop smoking, I'll tell your father.
حالات حذف (If) :
يمكن أن نحذف if وتستخدم صيغة الاستفهام فنقدم had علي الفاعل في الحالة الثالثة
Had + فاعل + P.P ……… would + have + P.P
If he had been careful, he would not have made the accident.
Had he been careful, he would not have made the accident.
ويمكن تطبيق نفس القاعدة في الحالة الثانية إذا كانت (had)فعل الجملة الرئيسي.
If I had time, I would go for a walk.
Had I time, I would go for a walk.
يمكن حذف if واستخدامshould في الحالتين الأولى و الثانية
If he passes the exam, he will join the university.
Should he pass the exam, he will join the university.
If he shaved more often, he would look more better.
Should he shave more often, he would look more better.
ويمكن استخدامwere بدلاً من if في الحالة الثانية:
If he were a bird, he ,d fly.
Were he a bird, he'd fly.
لاحظ أنه إذا لم تكن (were) فعل رئيسي نستخدم + to + inf) فاعل Were + (:
If he took the early train, he would arrive on time.
Were he to take the early train, he would arrive on time.
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